The Road to Physical Autonomy: 2024–2030

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Automation is not a distant future it is a transition already underway. By 2030, an estimated 92 million jobs will be displaced by automation. But the same wave will create 170 million new ones: a net gain of 78 million jobs, driven by technology that amplifies human capability rather than replacing it.

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Humanoid robots sit at the center of this shift. Like autonomous driving, physical autonomy evolves through defined levels from Level 0, where a human teleoperates every action, to Level 5, where robots handle tasks completely, in all situations, without human intervention.

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Today, the industry operates between Levels 1 and 2: humanoids executing firmly defined, simple tasks under human supervision.

 

By 2029, Level 3 unlocks autonomy in specific situations. And by 2030, Level 4 our automation target enables humanoids to take over complete tasks in defined industrial contexts: high-volume, low-complexity applications across automotive, logistics, energy, and Oil & Gas.

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This is where the economic transformation happens. Not in replacing people, but in absorbing the dangerous, repetitive, and unfilled work that industry can no longer staff while creating new roles in robot training, fleet operation, and deployment.